PLANETS

Mercury

01

Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest in the solar system. It has a rocky surface marked by craters and extreme temperature variations, ranging from scorching heat to frigid cold. Mercury has a very thin atmosphere, primarily composed of oxygen, sodium, and hydrogen. Despite its proximity to the Sun, it has no moons or rings.

ORBIT PERIOD: 87.97 Earth Days
KNOWN MOONS: None
DIAMETER: 4880KMs
TEMPERATURE: 800°F(427°C)[Day], -330°F(-201°C)[Night]
ATMOSPHERE: O₂(42%), Na(27%), H₂(22%), He(6%), K(2%)
FUN FACT : A fun fact about Mercury is that it has a very unusual rotation: it takes about 59 Earth days to complete one rotation on its axis but only about 88 Earth days to orbit the Sun.

Venus

02

Venus is the second planet from the Sun and is similar in size and structure to Earth, often called Earth's "sister planet." However, its surface conditions are extreme, with thick clouds of sulfuric acid, a high concentration of carbon dioxide, and a surface temperature averaging 467°C (872°F), making it the hottest planet in the solar system.

ORBIT PERIOD: 224.70 Earth days
KNOWN MOONS: None
DIAMETER: 12,104KMs
TEMPERATURE: 467°C(872°F)[Day&Night]
ATMOSPHERE: CO₂(96.5%), N₂(3.5%), Traces[SO₂, H₂O, CO, Ar]
FUN FACT: Here, a day is longer than a year.

Earth

03

Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only known planet to support life. It has a diverse environment with vast oceans, continents, and an atmosphere composed mainly of nitrogen and oxygen. Earth's surface is dynamic, with plate tectonics shaping its features over time. It has a moderate climate, liquid water, and a protective magnetic field that shields it from harmful solar radiation, making it uniquely habitable.

ORBIT PERIOD: 365.26 Earth days
KNOWN MOONS: 1
DIAMETER: 12,742KMs
TEMPERATURE: 15°C(59°F)[Avg]
ATMOSPHERE: Nitrogen (78%), Oxygen (21%), Argon (0.93%), and trace gases
FUN FACT: Earth's atmosphere protects us from harmful solar radiation and allows liquid water to exist on the surface.

Mars

04

Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second-smallest planet with a thin atmosphere, having the surface features reminiscent both of the impact craters of the Moon, and the valleys, deserts and polar ice caps of Earth. It is called the "Red Planet" due to it's reddish appearance from iron oxide on its surface.

ORBIT PERIOD: 686.98 Earth days
KNOWN MOONS: 2
DIAMETER: 6779KMs
TEMPERATURE: 20°C (68°F)[Day], -73°C(-100°F)[Night]
ATMOSPHERE: CO₂(95.3%), N₂(2.7%), Ar(1.6%)
FUN FACT: Mars has the largest volcano in the solar system, Olympus Mons, which is about 13.6 miles (22 km) high.

Jupiter

05

Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the largest planet of the Solar System. It is the oldest planet of the Solar System thus it was the first to take shape out of the remains of the solar nebula. It is known for its Great Red Spot and extensive system of moons.

ORBIT PERIOD: 4,332.82 Earth days
KNOWN MOONS: 79
DIAMETER: 139,820KMs
TEMPERATURE: -145°C(-234°F)[Upper], 24,000°C(43,000°F)[Deeper]
ATMOSPHERE: H₂(90%), He(10%), Traces[CH₄, NH₃, H₂O, H₂S, CO₂]
FUN FACT: Jupiter has the strongest magnetic field of all the planets and emits more radiation than it receives from the Sun.

Saturn

06

Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun, with the largest planetary rings(which are made up of ice and rock particles) in the Solar System. It is the second-largest planet after Jupiter, and recently, with many other moons being discovered, it surpassed the number of Jupiter’s moons.

ORBIT PERIOD: 10,755.70 Earth days
KNOWN MOONS: 83
DIAMETER: 116,460KMs
TEMPERATURE: -178°C(-288°F)[Upper], 11,700°C(21,000°F)[Deeper]
ATMOSPHERE: H₂(96.3%), He(3.25%), Traces[CH₄, NH₃, H₂O, H₂S, CO₂]
FUN FACT: Saturn's rings are about 175,000 miles (282,000 kilometers) wide but only about 30 feet (10 meters) thick.

Uranus

07

Uranus is the seventh planet discovered in the Solar System that also led to the discovery of the last planet, Neptune they are both referred to as ice giants. It is known for its sideways rotation and faint rings.

ORBIT PERIOD: 30,687.15 Earth days
KNOWN MOONS: 27
DIAMETER: 50,724KMs
TEMPERATURE: -224°C(-371°F)[Upper], -197°C(-322°F)[Deeper]
ATMOSPHERE: H₂(83%), He(15%), CH₄(2%)
FUN FACT: Uranus has a tilted axis of rotation, making it appear to roll along its orbit.

Neptune

08

Neptune is the fourth largest and the farthest planet of the Solar System with the most powerful wind speeds out of all the planets. It is the smallest of the gas giants. It is known for its deep blue colour and strong winds.

ORBIT PERIOD: 60,190.03 Earth days
KNOWN MOONS: 14
DIAMETER: 49,244KMs
TEMPERATURE: -221°C(-366°F)[Upper], 5,000°C(9,000°F)[Core]
ATMOSPHERE: H₂(80%), He(19%), CH₄(1-2%)
FUN FACT: Neptune has the strongest winds in the Solar System, reaching speeds of over 2,100 km/h. Also, similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot, Neptune has a storm called the Great Dark Spot.